Several cross-sectional studies have documented associations between anger and suicidal ideation (SI Hawkins & Cougle, 2013 Hawkins et al., 2014 Horesh et al., 1997 Jang et al., 2014 Kachadourian et al., 2018 Kotler et al., 2001 Wilks et al., 2019) and attempt history ( Ammerman et al., 2015 Hawkins & Cougle, 2013 Hawkins et al., 2014). ![]() In a case-controlled retrospective study of veterans who received primary care in the 6 months prior to death by suicide, researchers also found that medical records were more likely to contain documented expressions of anger ( Dobscha et al., 2014). ![]() Morgan and Priest (1984) conducted a qualitative study of hospital case notes of inpatients who died by suicide and found that many expressed elevated anger before their death. Other research has examined the association between anger and completed suicide using retrospective methods. For example, in a study of psychiatric inpatients, anger measured during hospitalization prospectively predicted SA in the year following discharge, above and beyond other well-established risk factors such as psychiatric symptoms and recent SA ( Sadeh & McNiel, 2013.) For years, research with adolescents has documented a link between anger and suicide attempts (SA e.g., Gispert et al., 1985 1987 Hawton et al., 1982 Lehnert et al., 1994 Withers & Kaplan, 1987), and recent research has extended these findings into adulthood ( Daniel et al., 2009). Multiple disorders associated with heightened suicide risk involve dysregulated anger (e.g., borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, intermittent explosive disorder Nepon et al., 2010 Nock et al., 2010 2014), suggesting that anger may be a transdiagnostic risk factor for suicide. Given its prevalence and public health impact, identifying risk factors for suicide is critical. Findings suggests the potential benefit of integrating anger assessment and treatment into research and clinical programs focused on reducing suicide risk.īetween 19, the suicide rate in the United States has increased by 33%, making it the 10 th leading cause of death ( Hedegaard et al., 2018). 020) over the three year period, even after adjusting for psychiatric risk factors, and demographic and historical covariates. Multivariate regression analyses confirmed that problematic anger significantly predicted suicidal ideation (OR = 1.48, 95% CI, p <. Chi-square analyses indicated that participants reporting problematic anger at Wave 1 were significantly more likely to endorse suicidal ideation ( χ 2 = 65.35, p <. The current study used the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) dataset to evaluate anger at Wave 1 as a risk factor for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt at Wave 2 (three years later) in a nationally representative sample of 34,653 participants. ![]() ![]() Anger is a common symptom of several disorders associated with suicide, and the little research that has been done in the area suggests that it may be an often overlooked transdiagnostic risk factor for both suicidal ideation and behavior. Suicide is among the leading causes of death in the United States, with rates having risen substantially over the past two decades.
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